Оцінка економічної ефективності використання зернозбиральних комбайнів

Abstract

The article presents an estimation of economic efficiency of grain harvesters in the conditions of a concrete agricultural producer using boundary analysis. The agricultural machinery market is characterized by a variety of harvesters, differing in terms of capacity, productivity and quality. Not less important is their price and service cost. In addition, considerable attention is drawn to the availability of service centers. Agrarian producers face a difficult and difficult choice between expensive high-performance machines or cheaper and less efficient. After all, in modern agricultural production, grain harvesting machinery, which is predominantly highly productive and expensive, produces different profits in different farms, is used differently throughout the year, and therefore has a different economic effect. Scientific developments are based on a comparison of a new car with a base. In addition, machinery or equipment should operate at full capacity for one year. At the same time, the possibility of taking into account during the calculations of the conditions of production of each particular producer is lowered. Solving these problems is dedicated to this article. It is proposed to consider the concept of economic efficiency with the help of a “three-level” approach. It is proposed to consider the efficiency of using agricultural equipment and machinery with the help of such concepts as effect, as a fact of achieving these goals (first level); economic efficiency as the ratio between the result obtained and the resources spent (second level); and the effectiveness of Paretto as an inability to improve the use of agricultural machines without deteriorating the use of other means of production (third level). The boundary analysis is today one of the most correct in determining the effectiveness of agrarian machinery. Based on the developments of this methodology, we proposed a “virtual machine”. A virtual machine is a set of necessary characteristics that satisfy the needs of the farmer when harvesting grain crops. These characteristics are formed on the basis of the limit values: the marginal productivity ratio, the performance boundary, the limiting ratio of annual production of cars. On the basis of these indicators, the economic efficiency of using modern combines was estimated: KSS 9-1 Slavutich, Class Dominator 208, John Dir 9500, Don-1500. It was found that for small and medium-sized farms it is necessary to use KSS 9-1 “Slavutich”, and for large Class “Dominator 208«, John Dir 9500.